Oracle Database 配置IPV6 (一)
什么是IPV6
Internet Protocol Version 6(IPV6)， IPV6演变的主要影响因素是：地址空间IPV4的耗尽。 IPV4中较少的地址空间迫使用户使用网络地址转换（NAT）。我们都知道IPV6有128位， 那IPV6的地址空间就有2的128次方，IPV4有4Billion个地址，而IPV6有340 Undecillion（340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ）大到不可想象。
IPV6的地址格式
IPV6 具有许多默认分配给操作系统的地址类型，下面使用的是GUA地址，其它还有Link Local等。IPV6的设计考虑地址空间的维护，被设计为自动配置常有DHCP分配，本文使用的是手动指定（hard code）的方式，通常情况下对于即使像运行着ORACLE 数据库的服务器主机也不需要手动配置IPV6地址。
1. IPV6是128位，比IPV4多96位
2. 使用的是十六进制表示
3. 每段之间使用”:”隔开，而不是”.”
4. 128位地址有2部分组成，Network Prefix 64-bit, Host Prefix 64-bit
IPV6地址如：2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef
IPV6地址中可以删除连接出现的0，缩写同样等效，如IPV4的回路地址127.0.0.1，在IPV6中是0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001， 可以缩写为”::1″ 。
ORACLE DB 支持IPV6
操作系统也支持同时运行IPV4和IPV6，ORACLE 11.2 是第一个支持IPV6的数据库版本， 但是只支持 单实例模式的IPV6地址和连接， 从ORACLE 12版本开始完全的支持IPV6地址通过Public Vip到ORACLE RAC，准确是从12.1.0.1开始支持public network, 但是对于Private network还必须使用IPV4. ORACLE数据库和监听可以同时使用IPV4和IPV6，从12.2版本开始所有组件可以完全支持IPV6.
同时也可以配置IPV4 Mapping Address, 允许IPV6的应用程序使用IPV4的协议, 但是IPV4 MA不是IPV6隧道，只是操作系统的配置，IPV4 MA IPV6地址规则是前80位为0，接下来是16位的1，最后32位是IPV4的点位表示或是十六进制的等效IPV4如下面的是同一个地址，更多配置可以参考MOS note 831153.1
0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:FFFF:129.168.134.145 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:FFFF:81A8:8691 ::FFFF: 129.168.134.145 ::FFFF: 81A8:8691
LINUX 配置 IPV6 ( 我的版本是OEL6.6)
[root@anbob ~]# cat /etc/issue Oracle Linux Server release 6.6 Kernel \r on an \m Load the IPV6 module as root user [oracle@anbob net]$ modprobe ipv6 [oracle@anbob net]$
如果上面输出有错误修改/etc/modprobe.conf 如下面后，重启主机:
#alias net-pf-10 off
#alias ipv6 off
#options ipv6 disable=1
To add IPV6 interface
/sbin/ifconfig <interface> inet6 add <ipv6address>/<prefixlength>
[root@anbob ~]# ifconfig eth2 inet6 add 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef/64 [root@anbob ~]# ifconfig eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:CE:89:B8 inet addr:192.168.56.101 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fece:89b8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:250 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:222 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:27493 (26.8 KiB) TX bytes:66904 (65.3 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:680 (680.0 b) TX bytes:680 (680.0 b) [root@anbob ~]# ip -6 addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qlen 1000 inet6 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef/64 scope global valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fece:89b8/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [oracle@anbob net]$ cat /proc/net/if_inet6 00000000000000000000000000000001 01 80 10 80 lo 20010db80000000012341235abcdabef 02 40 00 80 eth2 fe800000000000000a0027fffece89b8 02 40 20 80 eth2 [root@anbob ~]# ping6 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef PING 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef(2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.033 ms 64 bytes from 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms 64 bytes from 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms [root@anbob ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network: NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=anbob.com # Enable global IPv6 initialization NETWORKING_IPV6=yes # Disable global IPv6 forwarding and have host configure itself # to not be an IPv6 router IPV6FORWARDING=no # Disable global IPv6 auto-configuration so a static IPv6 address can be set IPV6_AUTOCONF=no # Disable automatic IPv6 tunneling as we are not setting up an IPv6 tunnel IPV6_AUTOTUNNEL=no [root@anbob ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 DEVICE=eth2 BOOTPROTO=none HWADDR=00:1E:4F:E6:FE:11 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.56.101 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.56.1 TYPE=Ethernet USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes IPV6INIT=yes IPV6ADDR=2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef/64 [root@anbob ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.56.101 anbob.com anbob 2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef anbob6.com
ORACLE 配置LISTENER, TNS 使用IPV6地址
[oracle@anbob ~]$ vi /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = anbob.com)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = anbob6.com)(PORT = 1522))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
[oracle@anbob ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2018 16:51:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u02/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/anbob/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=anbob.com)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef)(PORT=1522)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=anbob.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 16-AUG-2018 16:51:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u02/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/anbob/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=anbob.com)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef)(PORT=1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
Note:
这里监听配置好了IPV6 地址的1522端口， 同时保留了原来的IPV4地址的1521端口。 当前no service是因为数据库还没有打开。
在打开数据库实例后，为了让系统服务注册到这个端口上，tnsnames.ora 文件增加ipv6的指向，并修改LOCAL_LISTENER配置文件
show parameter local PARAMETER_NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------------- local_listener string LISTENER_ANBOB parallel_force_local boolean FALSE SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_ANBOB','PDBANBOBv6'; System altered. SQL> alter system register; System altered. [oracle@anbob admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2018 17:14:36 Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=anbob.com)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 16-AUG-2018 16:51:05 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 23 min. 30 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u02/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/anbob/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=anbob.com)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef)(PORT=1522))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Services Summary... Service "465fa0ab8243396ae0530338a8c0fc9e.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "anbob", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "4a0d4eafec1b1916e0530338a8c07871.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "anbob", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "anbob.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "anbob", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "anbobXDB.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "anbob", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdbanbob.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "anbob", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdbweejar.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "anbob", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@anbob admin]$ netstat -an|grep 1522 tcp 0 0 2001:db8::1234:1235:ab:1522 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 2001:db8::1234:1235:a:63072 2001:db8::1234:1235:ab:1522 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 2001:db8::1234:1235:ab:1522 2001:db8::1234:1235:a:63072 ESTABLISHED [oracle@anbob admin]$ lsof -i:1522 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME tnslsnr 4792 oracle 12u IPv6 14281 0t0 TCP anbob6.com:ricardo-lm (LISTEN) tnslsnr 4792 oracle 16u IPv6 16114 0t0 TCP anbob6.com:ricardo-lm->anbob6.com:63072 (ESTABLISHED) ora_lreg_ 4861 oracle 11u IPv6 16113 0t0 TCP anbob6.com:63072->anbob6.com:ricardo-lm (ESTABLISHED) [oracle@anbob admin]$ ps -ef|grep 4792|grep -v grep oracle 4792 1 0 16:51 ? 00:00:00 /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit [oracle@anbob admin]$ ps -ef|grep 4861|grep -v grep oracle 4861 1 0 16:52 ? 00:00:00 ora_lreg_anbob
Note:
可以看到当前监听已经配置好了IPV4和IPV6两种地址，并且LREG进程已经把服务注册到LISTENER进程的1522端口上。
测试连接
[oracle@anbob ~]$ tnsping pdbanbob TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2018 23:46:20 Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = anbob.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdbanbob.com))) OK (0 msec) [oracle@anbob ~]$ tnsping pdbanbobv6 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2018 23:46:36 Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: /u02/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =2001:db8::1234:1235:abcd:abef)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdbanbob.com))) OK (0 msec) [oracle@anbob ~]$ sqlplus anbob/anbob@pdbanbobv6 SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Aug 16 23:48:01 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Thu Aug 16 2018 17:42:40 +08:00 Connected to: Oracle Database 12c EE Extreme Perf Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production USERNAME INST_NAME HOST_NAME SID SERIAL# VERSION STARTED SPID OPID CPID SADDR PADDR -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------- ----- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- ----- --------------- ---------------- ---------------- ANBOB PDBANBOB-anbob anbob 59 60861 12.2.0.1.0 20180816 4725 54 4723 000000006D22C440 000000006EC3DB98 SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c EE Extreme Perf Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production [oracle@anbob ~]$ sqlplus anbob/anbob@pdbanbob --IPV4 SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Aug 16 23:48:10 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Thu Aug 16 2018 23:48:01 +08:00 Connected to: Oracle Database 12c EE Extreme Perf Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production USERNAME INST_NAME HOST_NAME SID SERIAL# VERSION STARTED SPID OPID CPID SADDR PADDR -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------- ----- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- ----- --------------- ---------------- ---------------- ANBOB PDBANBOB-anbob anbob 59 43474 12.2.0.1.0 20180816 4730 54 4728 000000006D22C440 000000006EC3DB98 SQL>
NOTE:
连接成功！
Oracle 11.2中除了ORACLE RAC和Oracle Clusterware所有功能都支持IPV6, 还有也不支持ASM使用IPV6,支持IPV6和IPV4共存. 在ORACLE 12C中，Oracle支持IPV4和IPV6在同一个网络，同样也可以配置PLUBIC network(Public/vip)在IPV6和IPV4，但是确保同一集群中所有节点使用相同的IP协议。但12.1 时不支持WINDOWS和private newwork. 在12.2 版本中 ORACLE提供了完全的支持IPV6，包括WINDOWS平台，ASM, FAN， 所有平台中的ORACLE Clusterwarer的private network。 更多内容可以阅读ORACLE白皮书
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